Two world-class cosmologists talk it out in a classic Unbelievable? podcast debate: What best explains the universe—God or naturalism? Christian astrophysicist Luke Barnes (Sydney Institute for Astronomy; co-author A Fortunate Universe) and atheist physicist Sean Carroll (Caltech; author The Big Picture) explore whether Big Bang cosmology hints at a beginning with purpose, or a brute fact within a naturalistic story. Expect poetic naturalism, the fine-tuning of physical constants, the role (and limits) of explanation in fundamental physics, and whether a multiverse offers a better account of a life-permitting cosmos. Is the universe’s mathematical elegance evidence for design, or simply how reality is? Would we expect a universe this vast if humans matter to God? Expect rigorous science, sharp philosophy, and respectful pushback as Barnes and Carroll test theism and naturalism against the full sweep of cosmic evidence.

For Sean Carroll: https://www.preposterousuniverse.com/
For Luke Barnes: https://afortunateuniverse.wordpress.com/about-the-authors/

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Released on 30 Sep 2025